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Linguistics After Dark

Podcast Linguistics After Dark
Linguistics After Dark
Linguistics After Dark is a podcast where three linguists (and sometimes other people) answer your burning questions about language, linguistics, and whatever e...

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  • Episode 14: SNUBA (Snail Tuba)
    Wherein we have an actual disagreement on the podcast! Jump right to: 2:42 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Ways to Make Words! 42:18 Is it possible to have a different accent in your speaking voice versus your inner monologue voice on a regular basis? when I’m tired mine just throws from one accent to another, even ones I can’t make my mouth do but my brain knows the sounds of. 49:58 I would love to hear y’all talk about Unicode and Unicode normalization and the Basic Multiligual Plane from a linguistics perspective. 1:14:35 I’m learning French and I’m really confused about the word “chez”. it’s supposedly a preposition, but it’s used in a billion different contexts and also indicated possession? Also when used with the word “lui” (“chez lui”) it seems like it’s not a preposition anymore? 1:39:09 The puzzler: What comes next in the sequence 7, 8, 5, 5, 3, 4, 4, ? Covered in this episode: The stress patterns of American English’s only infix Sarah and Eli would definitely stop in the middle of swearing to do linguistics at themselves Goodbye to all our French listeners, if we had any Acronyms that turn into words are okay, but they’re relatively new A Terrible Underwater Breathing Apparatus Taking two words and telling them “now kiss!” A hypothetical dog food bowl washing machine repair team sign-up list Linguistic compounds neither absorb nor generate heat People who turn into houses The Unicode Consortium, which has a very evil-sounding name, sorts things into astral planes “We’re an hour-long podcast,” Eli says, roughly halfway through a one hour forty-four minute episode ʃ versus ∫ is not a minority language community problem Officially we have no geopolitical stances, but we might be building a map of shady geopolitical linguistics-adjacent organizations Sarah has a hot take about English prepositions Unfortunately for second-language learners, English prepositions just don’t really work like French prepositions “I feel bad all my examples are always Latin,” a Latin teacher says English works like Legos, other languages sometimes work like whole Lego cars? Links and other post-show thoughts: Merriam-Webster does include “-gate” in their online dictionary! This got cut in the edit, but we did originally acknowledge that British English has two distinct expletive infixes, the other one being “bloody.” “Parallel” and “paraplegic” do share the root “para,” meaning “beside.” “Paraplegia” is a Latinized form meaning “paralysis of the lower half of the body,” from the Greek “paraplēgia,” meaning “paralysis of one side of the body,” while “parallel” literally means “beside one another,” and comes from the Greek “parallēlos,” from “para allēlois,” meaning “beside one another.” “OK” really does derive from “Oll Korrect” and dates back all the way to the late 1830s! After that, you don’t really get acronyms being used as words until around the twentieth century. “Werewolf” = “wer” (man, male person) + “wolf” For horses to “champ” (v.) means "to bite repeatedly and impatiently," and dates back to the 1570s; apparently that evolved from the earlier meaning “to chew noisily, crunch,” which dates back to the 1520s. For not the first time and definitely not the last time either, verbing weirds language. The Danish alphabet ends with æ, ø, and å (not ä); we couldn’t find any languages that use both æ and ä (or æ and ȅ), though we did get curious enough to look. Ask us questions: Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook, and on Slack at The Crossings. Credits: Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing was done by Luca, show notes are done by Jenny, and transcriptions are a team effort. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod. And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)
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  • Episode 13: A-blade-ive
    Wherein we shove things away (with knives). Jump right to: 0:37 Is there a word in some language for “responding to the literal words and not the subtext of a request? 4:22 Response question from Spotify: With babies absorbing sounds even without learning the language, when learning a language would it be good to listen to that language even if you weren’t actively trying to comprehend it? 7:30 Language Thing of the Day: Noun Cases 22:39 Question #1: Do other languages have adjective ordering like English? 27:08 Question #2: What would the phonetic description of a raspberry be? "Labio-lingual trill"? Also, it occurs to me that it would be cool if there were some kind of database of paralinguistic sounds, containing things like "ingressive labiodental fricative" (inhaling sharply through your teeth), and explanations of what they mean in various languages 35:55 Question #3: What part of speech is "End" in the phrase “End Construction” as seen on a highway road sign? I'd've thought it was a noun, shorthand for “the end of,” but I’ve noticed that in Virginia the road signs will read things like “Enter Fairfax County” and “Leave Arlington County,” which suggest that the first word is a verb, not a noun, and that raises more questions: why is it "leave" and "enter" (imperatives?) rather than "entering" or "leaving"? 44:14 The puzzler: If a 40-pound stone broke into four pieces which could be used to weigh any whole-number increment from 1 to 40, what must the weights of the individual pieces be? Covered in this episode: The hypothetical existence of a possibly-German word or sociological term meaning something in the vicinity of “oblivious literalism,” “de-phaticization,” “desubtextualization,” “supertextualization,” or “involuntary textual meaning-raising” Don’t only listen to nursery rhymes We do the genitive case weird in English The thing that the thing was done to Patients and agents again Eli is shock-nə “Tsk tsk, it looks like rain”? “Standard” English is bad at present tense (and “Standard English” is a bad term) As usual, translation is hard Eli takes the most round-about route possible to figure out where he’s from Links and other post-show thoughts: The ablative in physics Proto-Indo-European noun cases Finnish cases & pronouns Basque cases Adjective ordering in English is (article, number, then) opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose Apparently numbers, if not adjectives, are linguistically categorized as “numerals,” a subcategory of quantifiers, which are a subcategory of determiners A raspberry without tongue is a voiced bilabial trill, written [ʙ] in IPA; a raspberry with tongue (when it’s not on the menu at a cocktail bar) is either (yes!) a voiceless linguolabial trill and written [r̼̊], or a a buccal interdental trill, written [ↀ͡ r̼] in the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for Disordered Speech James Hoffman & Hames Joffman The “tsk tsk” / “tut tut” sound is a dental click, written [ǀ] in IPA Ask us questions: Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Credits: Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing for this episode was done by Luca, and show notes and transcriptions are a team effort. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod. And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)
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  • Episode 12: Dead Language Power
    Wherein we are not warful. Jump right to: 3:36 A slight correction about the etymology of “magic” 5:55 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Verb voice, aka diathesis 23:01 Question 1: I [once] initially used "tiring" to describe someone, and then realized it didn't quite fit right, so I used "tiresome" instead. [T]hose should basically mean the same thing, and I can't [put the difference into words, but] they feel very different. How do words develop different connotations like that? / does the “-eous” suffix mean that something just has a flavor or hue of a thing but isn’t actually the thing? (Flavor/hue may not be the right words but I don’t remember what the correct term is) Like how “rightful” and “righteous” are not the same. I haven’t looked up the definition of “beauteous”, but I think it does mean something different from “beautiful”. 35:39 Question 2: I saw this screenshot of a tumblr post and it got me wondering. The grammar in the dialogue might be trying to suggest that the cavemen's language is "primitive", and we could imagine that the scene is set in a time when (spoken) language was still very much in development compared to what it is today. With that in mind, do you think they would have opted to use consonant clusters like gl, gr, and rg in their names? Are those (especially gl) common across languages spoken today (idk what to look for in WALS...)? When do you think they first appeared in a spoken language? What do we know about the sounds (phonemes?) our ancestors could produce; which likely came first and which ones are more recent? 51:30 Question 3: "Optimality Theory is bullshit." Discuss. 1:01:28 The puzzler: What is 3/7 chicken, 2/3 cat, and 2/4 goat? Covered in this episode: If you are a patient, you are experiencing a problem; if you are being patient, you are probably also experiencing a problem “Collectivity” is not a word people know Etymology is not destiny English “caveman speak” relies heavily on phonesthemes Human babies are scientifically proven to evolve into human adults Sooner or later, M shows up Eli is not an optimality theorist (because he thinks optimality theory is bullshit) Eli apologizes to optimality theorists for calling their thing bullshit Sarah fails to correctly divide a word into two-letter units Links and other post-show thoughts: Lexical gaps in English Germanic / French / Latinate word triplets in English and it comes up here too Collectivity is technically a word, and is a synonym of collectiveness Per our belovèd Etymonline, “[Flour] also was spelled flower until flour became the accepted form c. 1830 to end confusion.” It doesn’t specify why it became the accepted form, but Webster’s “A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language” was published in 1806 and his “American Dictionary of the English Language” was published in 1828, so the timing would actually fit! IPA pulmonic consonant charts This was cut during editing, but we did discuss how there are many grayed out squares in the IPA for physically impossible sounds Optimality Theory Ask us questions: Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Credits: Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Audio editing is done by Luca, and show notes and transcriptions are a team effort. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod. And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)
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  • Episode 11: The Axiom of ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
    Wherein we are not already in textbooks. Jump right to: 2:25 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Ergativity 25:50 Some people would say “historic moment” or “electric field”; others seem to say “historical moment” or “electrical field”. Is there any study of this difference[, and] how would you describe [it]? I usually call it whether people use nouns adjectivally, but that may not be accurate or precise. / "Magic" is a noun, its adjective form is "magical," and its adverb form is "magically." "Tragic," on the other hand, is an adjective, its noun form is "tragedy," and its adverb form is "tragically." Why aren't "tragic" and "magic" the same part of speech? should we make them the same part of speech? if so, do we drop "tragedy" and make "tragic" the noun and re-introduce "tragical" as an adjective? or do we invent the word "magedy" and get rid of "magical"? 39:47 How to learn a relatively obscure language without going to the country it is spoken in? How does it compare to learning a dead language? 52:56 If I'm trapped in the distant past with anatomically modern humans armed only with Ryan North's book "How To Invent Nearly Everything", then I plan to follow his recommendation to 'invent' writing (after spoken language, of course). What features should I keep in mind when devising an alphabet for my ancient new friends, and what might the result look like? 1:08:22 The puzzler: The name of what widely spoken language consists of four consecutive US state postal abbreviations? Covered in this episode: Agents, patients, doers, subjects, objects, and other words that don’t necessarily refer to the topic of a sentence Part-of-speech abbreviations that aren’t short for anything Sports commentators’ ongoing collective attempt to make nonce ergativity happen Walkers and standees? Agent-patient fluidity and hierarchies in languages like Chickasaw and Dyirbal [Regina George voice] Stop trying to make “magedy” happen If something ends in -al, it’s already in textbooks Linguists don’t believe in adverbs, because they’re the same thing as adjectives (except when they’re not, but really they are) Part-of-speech abbreviations that aren’t short for anything (again) How to study a language depends on why you want to know it in the first place Latin students can’t ask for help if their car breaks down The Latin alphabet is really great for Latin! Because it’s the Latin alphabet, which was invented for Latin! Sarah strongly encourages writing vowels and strong discourages writing boustrophedon Links and other post-show thoughts: Eli highly recommends “Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists” by Thomas E. Payne The Chickasaw people (and thus their language) are traditionally from northern Mississippi, northern Alabama, western Tennessee, and southwestern Kentucky. Dyirbal is spoken in northern Queensland in Australia. Eli also mentioned “Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind” by George Lakoff The etymology of “magic” “Verbing weirds language”: Calvin & Hobbes, January 25, 1993 XKCD #356: Nerdsniping Lang-8 no longer takes new users but they have an app called HiNative Say Something In has courses in Welsh, Cornish, Manx, Dutch, and Spanish, for native English speakers The Scots Wikipedia issue Ryan North's book “How To Invent Nearly Everything” Canadian Aboriginal syllabics The origin of Hangul Ask us questions: Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Credits: Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Eli edits, Jenny wrangles questions, and show notes and transcriptions are a team effort. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod. And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)
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  • Episode 10: Voiceless Alvie
    Wherein we finally post this collection of tangents in a trenchcoat. Jump right to: 15:09 Sneaky Question 0: As my high school-aged daughter starts to look towards college, she wants to learn more about the study of linguistics, both in terms of the fundamentals and in terms of cutting edge research. Are there resources beyond your podcast that you can recommend to us? 32:18 Linguistics Thing Of The Day: Phoneme databases and inventories 46:59 Question 1: Where did the phrase “close but no cigar” come from? Where does the phrase "nursing a drink" come from? 57:30 Question 2: During the [2021] live show, you talked about how vowels are fake; with that in mind, would you say that phonemes (as opposed to phones or segments) are or are not fake? Along those lines, what would you say makes one linguistic theory as to how a particular part (say, syntax) of language works better than another, if anything? 01:17:40 The puzzler: The American rapper Watsky put out albums in 2019, 2020, and 2023, named Complaint, Placement, and Intention. The album cover art features the album name in all caps, as large as possible. Why did he choose those album names? Covered in this episode: Linguistics at the University of Campinas and the Brazilian Linguistics education system Generative Linguistics and syntax Should theories of language be good or just look pretty in LaTeX? Resources for linguistics students Phonetic databases and inventories and why they’re useful #LingComm and linguistics memes for online teens (like @lingshits Vowels are, as we have said before and will say again, fake, and also all the same Consonants are real though, like ɬ (aka Voiceless Alvie) The sounds coming out of your mouth are probably not the ones you think Whether you should give cigars to students Links and other post-show thoughts: Severo mentions he is from Campinas. Coincidentally, the University of Campinas is where Daniel Everett did his Master's and PhD in linguistics. Phoneme databases and other IPA resources Severo mentioned: PHOIBLE, UCLA, U of Glasgow’s Seeing Speech and Dynamic Dialects, and George Mason University’s Accent Archive in re European Portuguese sounding Slavic Q’s Greenland That one XKCD, not for the first time and probably also not the last Some papers about aspiration of stops in Korean, and one about Hindi Tom Scott Severo’s adorable felt wug Our guest host: Find Severo on Instagram at @severolinguista and @latinisteria, and check out his merch there as well at @glotalica! Ask us questions: Send your questions (text or voice memo) to [email protected], or find us as @lxadpodcast on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Credits: Linguistics After Dark is produced by Emfozzing Enterprises. Eli edits, Jenny transcribes, and Sarah does show notes. Our music is "Covert Affair" by Kevin MacLeod, and the drumroll sound is by ddohler. And until next time… if you weren’t consciously aware of your tongue in your mouth, now you are :)
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Linguistics After Dark is a podcast where three linguists (and sometimes other people) answer your burning questions about language, linguistics, and whatever else you need advice about. We have three rules: any question is fair game, there's no research allowed, and if we can't answer, we have to drink. It's a little like CarTalk for language: call us if your language is making a funny noise, and we'll get to the bottom of it, with a lot of rowdy discussion and nerdy jokes along the way. At the beginning of the show, we introduce a new linguistics term, and there's even a puzzler at the end!
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